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Location and Geography
Nature of NCTF 135 HA
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NCTF 135 HA is situated in a picturesque location near Charlwood in Surrey, England.
The geographical area is characterized by a gentle slope, with the site sloping downhill from north to south.
The terrain is relatively flat, with some minor undulations and dips, which contribute to its overall accessibility.
The surrounding landscape is primarily composed of rolling hills and open countryside, typical of the Weald of Surrey.
The nearest watercourse is the River Mole, which flows eastwards from Charlwood towards Horley, approximately 3 miles away.
The soil composition in this area is predominantly chalky with some clay deposits, reflecting the region’s geological history and proximity to the North Downs.
Vegetation is typical of a south-eastern English landscape, with deciduous woodland patches interspersed among areas of grassland, bracken, and scattered wildflowers.
The local climate is temperate maritime, influenced by its proximity to the London Basin, with moderate temperatures and rainfall throughout the year.
Notably, the area has a rich cultural heritage, with numerous archaeological sites and historic buildings nearby, such as Charlwood House and the village church of St. Nicholas.
This area is situated near Charlwood, Surrey, UK. It has been designated as a National Character Area (NCA) by Natural England.
Natural England has designated this area as part of the National Character Type (NCT) 135, which is situated near Charlwood in the county of Surrey, UK. This classification is based on its unique geography and landscape features that set it apart from other areas in the region.
The location falls within the Wealden Upland zone, a low-lying range of hills and valleys characterized by gently rolling countryside and scattered woodland areas. The underlying geology is composed primarily of Weald Clay and Bagshot Sand deposits from the Cretaceous period, which has contributed to the formation of this distinctive landscape.
The NCA 135 area covers approximately 10 hectares (25 acres) and features a mix of arable land, pasture, and woodland. The terrain is generally undulating with some slopes and ridges, and the elevation varies between 50-70 meters (164-230 feet) above sea level.
The climate in this region is temperate maritime, influenced by its proximity to the North Downs and the prevailing westerly winds from the English Channel. This leads to a relatively mild temperature range throughout the year, with average annual rainfall around 600 mm (24 inches).
The area’s hydrology is characterized by an intricate network of streams and small rivers, which flow into the nearby River Mole and eventually into the Thames. The water table in this region is generally low-lying, reflecting the underlying geology.
The ecology of NCTF 135 is rich and diverse, featuring a range of habitats supporting numerous plant and animal species. Woodlands dominate the area, with species like oak (Quercus robur), beech (Fagus sylvatica), and birch (Betula pendula) present in varying densities. The grasslands and arable land support a variety of wildflowers and herbs, such as daisies (Bellis perennis), buttercups (Ranunculus acris), and red poppy (Papaver rhoeas).
This region’s cultural significance is also notable, with evidence of human activity dating back to prehistoric times. Archaeological finds from the Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Age periods highlight the importance of this area as a settlement site for early humans.
It features a mix of woodland and heathland environments.
The area around NCTF 135 HA near Charlwood, Surrey features a mix of woodland and heathland environments.
Geographically, this region falls within the county of West Sussex, although some parts may extend into neighbouring Surrey.
The landscape is characterised by gently undulating hills and valleys, with elevations ranging from approximately 60 to 150 metres above sea level.
The woodland areas are primarily composed of **_mixed deciduous forest_**, including species such as oak (_Quercus robur_), ash (_Fraxinus excelsior_) and hazel (_Corylus avellana_).
In contrast, the heathland environments feature an open landscape dominated by low-growing vegetation like heather (**_Erica cinerea_**) and gorse (**_Ulex europaeus_**).
Both woodlands and heathlands provide habitats for a variety of wildlife, including birds such as the **_woodlark (Lullula arborea)_**, reptiles like the **_adder (Vipera berus)_**, and insects like the **_bee (Apis mellifera)_**.
The underlying geology is largely composed of **_sandstone and chalk deposits_**, which have been shaped by millions of years of weathering, erosion, and glacial activity.
These geological processes have created a diverse range of landforms, including valleys, gullies and rounded hills.
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The NCTF 135 HA near Charlwood, Surrey offers an opportunity to explore and study these unique woodlands and heathlands environments in detail.
This can be done through guided tours or by following designated footpaths and trails within the area.
Ecological Features
Wildlife Habitats
The National Cycleway Trail (NCTF) 135 near Charlwood, Surrey, is a designated cycling route that traverses through various ecological features and wildlife habitats.
Ecological Features:
• The trail passes through the South Downs National Park, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), which is characterized by rolling hills, woodlands, and heathlands.
• It also runs along the Surrey Hills AONB, an area known for its rich geological history and diverse landscape features such as clay vales, chalk downs, and dry valleys.
• The NCTF 135 passes through various woodland types, including deciduous and mixed woodlands, which provide habitat for a range of wildlife, including birds, bats, and small mammals.
Wildlife Habitats:
1. Woodland habitats: the trail runs through various woodland areas that support a diverse range of flora and fauna, including trees such as oak, beech, and birch, and undergrowth such as ferns, wildflowers, and shrubs.
2. Heathlands: the NCTF 135 passes through heathland habitats characterized by low-growing vegetation, including gorse, heather, and bracken, which provide habitat for species such as sand lizards, adders, and nightjar.
3. Grassland habitats: the trail runs along grassland areas that are home to a range of wildflowers, including orchids, knapweed, and thistles, and support species such as bees, butterflies, and small mammals like hares and rabbits.
4. Wetlands: the NCTF 135 passes through wetland habitats, including rivers, streams, and ponds, which provide habitat for aquatic plants and animals, such as fish, otters, and birds.
These ecological features and wildlife habitats contribute to the biodiversity of the area and support a range of plant and animal species that are characteristic of the chalk downlands and heathlands of southern England.
The area provides suitable habitats for various species such as woodlarks, nightingales and pearlbordered fritillary butterflies.
The area has been identified as a notable site for its ecological features.
The region’s natural environment supports a diverse range of flora and fauna.
Woodlarks are known to inhabit areas with low vegetation cover and open grasslands, which is consistent with the habitat found in this area.
Nightingales prefer woodland edges and clearings, often near water sources. The presence of these birds suggests that there may be some woodland elements within the area.
The pearl-bordered fritillary butterfly, a species that thrives in woodland environments with wildflowers such as _Primula_ and _Viola_, also indicates a suitable habitat for this particular species.
The area’s ecological features contribute to its overall biodiversity, providing a suitable environment for these and other species to inhabit and thrive.